RHYME
A rhyme is a repetition of similar sounds in two or more words. It is common in many types of poetry. especially at the end of lines.
RHYMING WORDS
two - blue
four - more
eight - late
clearly the words two and blue rhyme with each other. Similarly
four and more, eight and late.
RHYME SCHEME
You can notice the words at the end of the lines in the stanza. They are cloud, hills, crowd, daffodils, trees and breeze.
Remember each new sound is given a letter starting with 'a', and then 'b', 'c', and so on.
As you notice 'a' is given to the first sound for the word cloud which is in the first line. 'b' for the next new sound as in hills and 'c' for another new sound in the word trees.
Now if the end sound is repeated it gets the same letter as in the earlier lines. So we have the end sounds in cloud and crowd, are the same sound and it is to be denoted with the letter 'a'.
The end sounds in hills and daffodils are the same so it is to be denoted with the letter 'b'.
The end sounds in trees and breeze are the same so it is to be denoted with the letter 'c'.
Let's conclude
What is a rhyme scheme?
Rhyme scheme is the pattern of rhymes (പ്രാസങ്ങൾ) at the end of each line of a poem or a song.
How is it usually referred to?
Rhyme schemes are usually described using letters of the alphabet.
The same letters indicate that the end sounds rhyme with each other.
IMAGES - Images are representations of sensations perceived through the five senses: sight, hearing, smell, touch, and taste.
IMAGERY - The creation of images using words. Poets usually achieve this by invoking comparisons by means of simile or metaphor or other figures of speech.
Imagery is the figurative and metaphorical language used by poets - they are the mental pictures created by a piece of writing.
Imagery is to use figurative language to represent objects, actions, ideas, in such a way that it appeals to our physical senses. It can simply mean mental pictures but it's much more than that.
Visual images - related to sight - describes what we see - the name of things, birds, animals, objects of nature, colours, shapes, size, pattern etc. (നമുക്ക് കാണാൻ കഴിയുന്ന കാര്യങ്ങൾ സൂചിപ്പിക്കുന്ന വാക്കുകൾ.)
Auditory images - related to hearing - describes what we hear - words referring to sounds, music, silence etc. (നമുക്ക് കേൾക്കാൻ കഴിയുന്ന കാര്യങ്ങൾ സൂചിപ്പിക്കുന്ന വാക്കുകൾ.)
Olfactory images - related to smell - describes what we smell - words referring to fragrances, aroma, enticing food, spices, and drinks, body odour, perfumes, rotten things, stinky, etc. (നമ്മൾ മണക്കുന്ന കാര്യങ്ങൾ സൂചിപ്പിക്കുന്ന വാക്കുകൾ.)
Gustatory images - related to taste - describes what we taste - words referring to sweetness, such as chocolates, biscuits, and ice cream, fruit juice etc, Sourness, bitterness, and tartness, such as bitter gourd juice, lemons and limes, Saltiness, such as dry salted chilly, dry salted vegetables, dry seafood, Spiciness, such as curries, etc. (നമ്മൾ രുചിച്ച് അറിയുനാ കാര്യങ്ങൾ സൂചിപ്പിക്കുന്ന വാക്കുകൾ.)
Tactile images - related to touch or feel - describes what we feel or touch - words referring to - movenent - fall, kick, wipe etc, feel such as - pain, aches, breeze, warmth etc, temperature, such as bitter cold, humidity, mildness, and scorching heat ,etc. texture such as soft, rough, hard surfaces, etc. (സ്പർശനത്തിലൂടെ നമുക്ക് അനുഭവപ്പെടുന്നതോ മനസ്സിലാക്കുന്നതോ ആയ കാര്യങ്ങൾ സൂചിപ്പിക്കുന്ന വാക്കുകൾ.)
ALLITERATION - Alliteration is the occurrence of the same letter or consonant sound at the beginning of adjacent or closely connected words. It adds beauty and rhythm to the poem.
(അടുത്തുള്ള വാക്കുകളുടെ തുടക്കത്തിൽ വ്യഞ്ജനാക്ഷരങ്ങളുടെ ആവർത്തനം.)
Look at these names
William Wordsworth - the initial/first sound 'w' (വ്) is repeated.
Mickey Mouse - the initial/first sound 'm' (മ ) is repeated.
Donald Duck - the initial/first sound 'd' (ഡ്) is repeated.
More examples -
She sells seashells on the seashore - the initial/first sound 's' (സ) is repeated;
closely connected sound - /sh/ (ഷ)
While walking wearily home I wondered where Wally was - /w/ is repeated.
Go and gather the green leaves on the grass. - sound /g/ is repeated.
Please put away your paints and practice the piano. - sound /p/ is repeated.
Those lazy lizards are lying like lumps in the leaves. - sound /l/ is repeated.
Some examples from poems
When I see birches bend to left and right
I like to think some boy's been swinging them. - sound /b/
'The fair breeze blew,The white foam flew,
And the forrow followed free. - sounds /b/ and /f/
Alliteration is the use of the same sound or sounds, especially consonants, at the beginning of several words that are close together.
PERSONIFICATION
Personification is a representation of a thing or abstraction as a person or by the human form.
Human qualities are given to non-human things. (മനുഷ്യരഹിതമായ വസ്തുക്കൾക്കു മാനുഷിക ഗുണങ്ങൾ
നൽകുന്നു)
The flame of the candle danced in the darkness. ( can the flame dance?)
The headlight of the car winked at me. ( can the light of a car wink?)
The wildfire ran through the forest at an amazing speed. (can a wild fire run?)
Even in the winter with the rain beating down. ( can a rain beat?)
the flame of the candle cannot dance, the headlight of the car cannot wink, the wild fire cannot
run and the rain cannot beat.
Here human qualities are given to nonliving things.
Now read the nursery rhyme Hey Diddle Diddle..
Hey, diddle, diddle, the cat and the fiddle
The cow jumped over the moon
The little dog laughed to see such fun
And the dish ran away with the spoon an example of personification
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